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Hearing Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Federal Tax Policy in the Multibillion-Dollar Industry
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026 · Transcript · 43 transcript matches
MR. ROBERT RAIOLA "be schooled on how to handle this. I agree with Mr. Accio that financial literacy is extremely important, and that's the one way that this must be taken care of almost immediately. One other area that we can talk about related to NIL income is the forming of what's called a SEP, a Simplified Employee Pension Plan, so that the student athlete, if he's made enough money, can put aside $72,000 in a retirement plan and receive a corresponding tax break. That money is treated like an IRA and cannot be touched without penalty until the student athlete is 59 1⁄2, but it provides tax savings when..."
Hearing Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school and beyond.
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026 · Transcript · 28 transcript matches
CASSIDY, BILL "But all of you, thank you for being here. It's an important topic for the future of college of all those who participate in student athletics, student athletes. So I really, yes sir, Mr."
Hearing Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and likeness rights of, and provide protections for, student athletes and to...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026 · Transcript · 10 transcript matches
CANTWELL, MARIA "please protect women in Olympic sports. And that is exactly what this bill does and so I wanna thank Senator Hickenlooper for that. There's been much made in discussion about whether student athletes support this bill. Mr. Chairman, I want to enter into the record a letter from a student athlete advocacy group that basically represents 500,000 students in Division I, Division II and Division III committees who says the bill's protections for student athletes at all divisions including transfer rights, a letter from a student athlete advocacy group that basically represents 500,000 students in..."
Hearing “Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affects Americans”
house Higher Education and Workforce Development Subcommittee · Sep 16, 2026 · Transcript · 12 transcript matches
MR. TOMMY BROWN "However, the coach said one of the positives of having so many American players is that they develop and many of them end up signing with division one institutions and almost all of them sign four year college scholarships. College coaches just want a level playing field. They don't want to be put at a competitive disadvantage. And if you feel we are discriminating against international athletes, I'd like to remind everyone that the Canadian Football League limits the number of Americans on their rosters, as do most European basketball leagues are limited to two Americans. The reason why they..."
CRS Report
Student Athlete Name, Image, Likeness Legislation: Considerations for the 117th Congress
Reports · Jul 1, 2021
The national debate on college athlete compensation, fueled in part by high-profile litigation and state legislative enactments, has prompted calls for congressional action on the issue of student...
CRS Report
National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston and the Debate over Student Athlete Compensation
Posts · Jun 21, 2021
Against the backdrop of the national debate on student athlete compensation, the Supreme Court issued its decision in National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston on June 21, 2021. In Alston,...
Hearing “Examining the Policies and Priorities of the NLRB”
house Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions Subcommittee · Jun 4, 2026 · Transcript · 5 transcript matches
ALLEN, RICK W. "hopes of funneling additional millions of dollars to union leaders who turn around and funnel that money to the political priorities of the Democratic Party. In the view of the previous administration's general counsel and board, graduate students, student-athletes, and independent contractors should all be classified as employees, organized into unions, and required to pay union dues. The Biden-Harris board is gone, but General Counsel Kerry, Chairman Murphy, and the rest of the board are left to deal with the consequences. During the Biden-Harris years, the case backlog tripled. Upon..."
CRS Report
Emerging Legal Issues Under Title IX: Transgender Athletes and Name, Image, and Likeness Compensation for College Athletes
Reports · Mar 25, 2024
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. All K–12 public...
Testimony MR. ROBERT RAIOLA
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"be schooled on how to handle this. I agree with Mr. Accio that financial literacy is extremely important, and that's the one way that this must be taken care of almost immediately. One other area that we can talk about related to NIL income is the forming of what's called a SEP, a Simplified Employee Pension Plan, so that the student athlete, if he's made enough money, can put aside $72,000 in a retirement plan and receive a corresponding tax break. That money is treated like an IRA and cannot..."
CRS Report
Title IX’s Application to Transgender Athletes: Recent Developments
Posts · Aug 12, 2020
On May 15, 2020, the Department of Education’s (ED’s) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) issued a Letter of Impending Enforcement Action (Enforcement Letter) to the Connecticut Interscholastic Athletic...
CRS Report
Transgender Athletes: Education Department Proposes Amendment to Title IX Regulations
Posts · Jun 23, 2023
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) bars discrimination “on the basis of sex” in education programs that receive federal financial assistance. Long-standing regulations...
CRS Report
College Athletes Unionize: Trustees of Dartmouth College and Other Legal Issues
Posts · May 24, 2024
On March 5, 2024, the Dartmouth men’s basketball team voted to become the first U.S. collegiate athletes to unionize. A regional director of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or the Board)...
Testimony CASSIDY, BILL
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"But all of you, thank you for being here. It's an important topic for the future of college of all those who participate in student athletics, student athletes. So I really, yes sir, Mr."
Testimony MR. TOMMY BROWN
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"However, the coach said one of the positives of having so many American players is that they develop and many of them end up signing with division one institutions and almost all of them sign four year college scholarships. College coaches just want a level playing field. They don't want to be put at a competitive disadvantage. And if you feel we are discriminating against international athletes, I'd like to remind everyone that the Canadian Football League limits the number of Americans on..."
Hearing Hearings to examine college sports, focusing on supporting student athletes and fair competition.
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 3, 2026 · Request transcript
Hearing "Game Changer: the NLRB, Student-Athletes, and the Future of College Sports"
house Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions Subcommittee · Apr 8, 2025 · Request transcript
Testimony SEWELL, TERRI A.
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"honor of representing the University of Alabama in Congress, as well as the SEC headquarters in Birmingham, and we're all knee-deep in trying to figure out how to put up guardrails around NIL, and I think too often the players get lost in this, that they are the talent, and look, I grew up, my dad believed in the student athlete, I believe in the student athlete, and the student part of it needs financial literacy. The athlete part of it needs advocates, as you said, and so what do you think is..."
CRS Report
Regulating Gender in School Sports: An Overview of Legal Challenges to State Laws
Posts · Jan 2, 2024
Public debate over the participation of transgender women in women’s sports has proliferated in recent years, raising questions of fairness in contexts ranging from the Olympics to elementary school...
Testimony GRIJALVA, ADELITA S.
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"I know that it is a sacrifice to come here and today is an especially busy day so I appreciate your time. Today, you know, we're having a hearing, a committee, Republicans allege that international student athletes are taking educational and athletic opportunities away from American students, even though foreign athletes account for a small percentage of the NCAA student athletes. In Southern Arizona and across my district, working class families and students are struggling not, they're not..."
CRS Report
College Athlete Compensation: Impacts of the House Settlement
Posts · Aug 15, 2025
For much of its history, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has enforced rules related to college athlete compensation, including rules prohibiting athletes from earning money for...
Testimony ABBY LYNCH
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"progress towards degree. Also, the timing of transfer portals isn't always the most helpful. The football transfer portal is now January 2nd to January 16th, and that sits right in the middle of when quarter schools start their new semester, and that's really problematic for getting student athletes, particular football student athletes enrolled in their next institution, which really puts them back academically. So, transferring does inhibit academic progress, especially when you're..."
Testimony MORAN, NATHANIEL
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"And we are giving them so much money at a moment in time when they don't have that support structure or the education or the knowledge and the wisdom. That's really what it's about, is the wisdom to know what to do with it. So I want to just tell you up front, I think your idea about financial education for student athletes and creating opportunities for student athletes to utilize tax-advantaged savings and investment accounts to help them prepare for the future is brilliant. I was texting my..."
Testimony TRAYVEAN SCOTT, PH.D,
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"Thank you for that question, Senator Kaine. I think, you know, for us it's about the student-athlete, but also about empowering the student-athlete. I think, you know, we cannot necessarily control their environment, because in most cases, you know, some of these, and I want to be very delicate here in how I describe them, but some of these folks that are preying on these student-athletes, more often than not, they're introduced via social media, right? And so, that's more of an environment..."
Testimony CANTWELL, MARIA
Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and l...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026
"please protect women in Olympic sports. And that is exactly what this bill does and so I wanna thank Senator Hickenlooper for that. There's been much made in discussion about whether student athletes support this bill. Mr. Chairman, I want to enter into the record a letter from a student athlete advocacy group that basically represents 500,000 students in Division I, Division II and Division III committees who says the bill's protections for student athletes at all divisions including transfer..."
Testimony TRAYVEAN SCOTT, PH.D,
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"to your point to have the tail that wags the dog. My second point is this, when we start talking about, you know, things that are short-lived, which is, you know, the dollars that we're paying to these student-athletes, what's going to happen when that student-athlete who's making $200,000, $300,000, $400,000, $500,000, $700,000, $800,000, $900,000, right, doesn't take care of their academic"
CRS Report
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 25, 2023–October 1, 2023)
Posts · Oct 2, 2023
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to...
Testimony HORSFORD, STEVEN
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"More than every major professional sports league except the NFL. Student-athletes drive media rights, sponsorships, ticket sales, merchandise, tourism, and university branding. Entire industries benefit from the value that they create. So with all due respect, student-athletes are not the problem. The question before Congress isn't whether student-athletes create economic value. They're the reason it exists. It's their talent. The question is whether our tax policy ensures that they are the..."
Testimony ABBY LYNCH
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"that's taxed. You have to report that. There's so many academic support services, student athlete development, health care, all of the in-kind benefits that you receive as being a student athlete, those could be taxed in a way. Any wage that you receive, they are doing a good job, at least, with informing student athletes that anything above $600 in NIL and revenue sharing is taxable, but a lot of people are learning that. A lot of student athletes are. Any wage that you receive, they are doing..."
Testimony ALSOBROOKS, ANGELA D.
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"name, image, and likeness policy, but how has the nature of the game shifted rapidly for student athletes who are navigating their college careers since your time on the court? And I also wonder, how has the rapid infusion of money in college sports in this new era heightened the need for student athlete protections? All right. And now, while the NIL policy made progress, we know the student athletes, as you've mentioned, are still not on equal footing, so has the NIL era exacerbated, in your..."
Testimony CASSIDY, BILL
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"took out Wisconsin. You'll, you'll get your chance. So the current, my bracket had McNeese winning everything. I've not done well. The current landscape is just replacing one unfair system for another. Short-term financial gain with NIL deals is overshadowing the value of an education and the value of Olympic and women's sports. Remember, once more, the majority of these student-athletes will not go pro. So we must encourage them to get their education and make sure that they're set up for..."
Testimony ALSOBROOKS, ANGELA D.
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"Broadcast rights are passing $1.4 billion, with another $1.2 billion spent just on advertising. In the last five years alone, college athletics have been revolutionized, and this question is first for Ms. Pivec, have been revolutionized by the interim name, image, and likeness rule, which was prompted not by benevolence, as we've heard today, but by the NCAA losing litigation in the Supreme Court. So, Ms. Pivick, your college career, I know, ended right before the NCAA instituted its name,..."
CRS Report
Transgender Athletes and Title IX: Agency Investigations and Litigation
Posts · Jun 6, 2025
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination in federally funded education programs. Long-standing regulations implementing the statute permit separating the sexes in...
CRS Report
The Protect College Sports Act of 2026: Potential Implications for Title IX
Legal Sidebar · Sep 23, 2026
Calls from stakeholders for federal legislation regulating intercollegiate athletics have increased during a period of significant change in intercollegiate sports. Intercollegiate athletics...
CRS Report
West Virginia v. B.P.J.: Supreme Court Upholds State Laws Restricting Eligibility of Transgender Girls to Compete in Athletics Competitions
Legal Sidebar · Jul 10, 2026
On June 30, 2026, the Supreme Court in West Virginia v. B.P.J. upheld West Virginia and Idaho laws that restrict the eligibility of transgender girls to participate in female athletics competitions....
CRS Report
Title IX and Athletics: Legal Basics
Resources · Mar 27, 2025
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. The Department of...
CRS Report
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (December 11–December 17, 2023)
Posts · Dec 18, 2023
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to...
Hearing Hearings to examine standing up for women in sports, focusing on ensuring opportunity, fairness and safety for female athletes.
senate Judiciary Committee · Sep 23, 2026 · Transcript
SPEAKER_02 "Thank you. Mr. Bach, in February 2025, the NCAA announced a new rule limiting competition in women's sports to student athletes who are, quote, assigned female at birth only. Is the current NCAA determination of biological sex"
Hearing Hearings to examine the nominations of Gerard Klomp, of Utah, to be Deputy Secretary, Timothy Westlake, of Wisconsin, to be Assistant Secretary...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Sep 16, 2026 · Transcript
HAWLEY, JOSH "Adam, in this picture, I think is about 16 years old. Adam was a terrific student. I've gotten the opportunity to know his parents. Just a terrific student, athlete, very involved socially. He started using CHAT-GPT with the permission of his"
CRS Report
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (March 27-March 31, 2023)
Posts · Apr 5, 2023
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to...
Testimony MR. ROBERT RAIOLA
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"Although it applies to executives, it's not really enforced. Athletes are, or student athletes, high profile, high salary, and easy to track where they've The state tax is also an issue, but that's how I answer that"
Testimony SMITH, JASON
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"teams to prioritize corporate profits at the expense of their local communities and the students who live there. At the same time, college athletes are facing a confusing maze of potential tax liabilities brought on by the explosion in the use of name, image, and likeness rights, more commonly known as NIL. The coaches, athletic directors, and college administrators to whom these student-athletes might turn for advice are no doubt equally unprepared for the unique tax implications of the NIL..."
Testimony TUBERVILLE, TOMMY
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"They're a big part of the problem, but it seems like we can't solve that problem. At the end of the day, the issue, to me, is pretty simple. The question is whether we still believe student-athletes are supposed to be students at the end of the day. I'm all for athletes being paid every dime that they can"
Testimony CASSIDY, BILL
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"She earned academic Big Ten honors twice, and is completing her two-year term representing the Big Ten Conference on the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I Student-Athlete Advisory Committee. She now works as an analyst at a healthcare management consulting firm in"
Testimony TRAYVEAN SCOTT, PH.D,
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"institutions, and certainly the low resource institutions, which I represent, won't have a say at the table. And just for clarity, the low resource institutions on the bottom end are basically the lowest 15 percentile in revenue generation in college athletics, right? So, you know, with those student athletes that we represent, I feel like there needs to be some semblance, again, of opportunity to be at the table to be able to have these discussions. I feel like if we're just having power four..."
Testimony OWENS, BURGESS
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"Each year, NCAA Division I and II schools award more than $4 billion in athletic scholarships to more than 180,000 student athletes. Only about 2% of high school athletes receive an athletic"
Testimony MR. DOUGLAS DEPEPPE, J.D., LL.M.
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"To be clear, these findings do not mean international athletes are the problem. They are not. International student athletes are pursuing opportunities exactly as American students would. The question before Congress is not whether international athletes should participate in American college"
Testimony LIAM ANDERSON
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"and indeed many of these student workers are unionized. The NCAA also claims that athletes are sufficiently represented by its Division I Student-Athlete Advisory Committee. This too is a"
Testimony HUSTED, JON
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"my time, so thank you very much. I'm taking over the gavel for the Chairman Cassidy temporarily, so I'll recognize myself for a couple questions. I always think about when I'm looking at this complicated issue and I always think about what's the goal? The goal of originally establishing school-based athletics were to teach character and physical fitness to the student-athletes. That was how it started and it's only been in recent times with the coming of TV contracts that it actually became a..."
Testimony TRAYVEAN SCOTT, PH.D,
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"From the perspective of a Division I athletics director at a low-resource NCAA institution, that forecast has materialized into a series of pressing structural realities that must be addressed with both clarity and urgency. As Vice President of Intercollegiate Athletics, I carry the responsibility of leading a program rooted in tradition, opportunity, and transformation. My perspective is shaped not only by my professional experience in collegiate athletics, but also by my time as a former..."
Testimony TRAYVEAN SCOTT, PH.D,
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"Could you imagine a student athlete in a non-revenue sport, soccer, bowling, tennis, models of equivalency, meaning you can get zero or 1% all the way up to a full scholarship. Imagine a student athlete receiving 25% of a scholarship and then having to use other means, student loans, Pell Grants, to subsidize the remaining 75% but yet that 25% is taxable. That's just on the student"
Testimony ALSOBROOKS, ANGELA D.
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"benefiting from this new dynamic? And so, are students across the spectrum of college athletics benefiting equally from the new big business of college sports? And I'm talking about women's sports in particular, and lower-revenue sports like swimming and track. Are these programs being invested in at the same rate as marquee sports like football and basketball? So is there a risk, without guardrails, that schools will be emboldened to pick winners and losers when it comes to investment in..."
Testimony HUSTED, JON
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"Mr. Scott, the tail that's wagging the dog right now in this conversation, and so I think we can narrow the question of how we're going to deal with just that group of people, because I do, Ms. Lynch, agree that they're, in your sort of view of athletics, because I'm very concerned. I have a daughter who's a Division I athlete, and I see that in Title IX being undermined by the fact we have so many student-athletes coming from other countries that are taking scholarships away from American..."
Testimony CASSIDY, BILL
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"And all that, in a setting which I bring this up, people say it's a wild, wild west. With that context, NIL and everything that has occurred, it just spontaneously, people say it's a wild, wild west. For the first time, student athletes are sharing revenue. Coach Tuberville, who I'm sure will be here later, said when he was a coach at Auburn, he advocated for that from the get-go. That even before the NCAA was forced to do it, Coach Tuberville and others were saying there should be revenue..."
Testimony MR. ROBERT RAIOLA
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"I'm here to talk about a couple things that has already been addressed, the first of which is the NIL income. It's an area that nobody knew anything about five years ago and now is a very hot area. The gentleman who previously spoke addressed the issue of non-withholding and, you know, issue of non-withholding and, you know, an athlete not realizing that he does indeed have to pay income taxes. So what you're faced to do is to try to limit the tax he would have to pay, but if an NAL student..."
Testimony KILEY, KEVIN
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"So I think that the basic premise of this hearing is a good one, that it's a bad thing for university culture when we have this sort of now international recruitment operation cottage industry that has sprung up. And it does indeed limit opportunities for student-athletes in the United States as well. So I'm glad the committee has brought some attention to this issue. But I'd open it up for anyone on the panel who wants to address that distinction, that we have, that there is a place for..."
Testimony MR. ROBERT RAIOLA
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"athletes are treated as independent contractors, and they will pay self-employment tax as well. These athletes are not schooled on financial literacy. When my children, when my daughter was in high school, she did not take a financial literacy class. However, two years later, when my son was in the same school, he did take a financial literacy class, although neither one of them went on to be student athletes in college. So I think it's very important to recognize that these issues need to be..."
Testimony HERN, KEVIN
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"Some might argue they're laundering money from big donors directly to these students. And it just happens in my last minute that I have a former student-athlete from my district, very successful high school player, he and his brother both went to college, and I always asked my interns to do a bill they'd like to work on, and last week he presented a bill to me in my office along with all my staff watching on this very topic, because we're talking about it from a legislative issue, but if you're..."
Testimony MR. SAM ACHO
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"This potential avenue would also account for the significantly shorter expected duration of earnings that professional athletes face. We should also implement mandatory financial education for student athletes, however, financial education is not enough. We need people like you, members of the committee, to help young people"
Testimony MR. THAD MADDEN
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"Sound familiar? It's the exact situation student-athletes are facing today as they earn NIL income from multiple sources with no withholding. Only a very, very small percentage of college athletes now earning NIL money will go on to play professionally, so this will most likely be the most money they earn in their"
Testimony MR. ROBERT RAIOLA
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"was to tax nonresidents, similar to what the State of Washington and other states have done recently to try to raise money for their coffers. So I think it's important to understand the jock tax and how it works, and important to make sure that it's understood so that student athletes or athletes can face a road to handling it correctly and not face interest and penalties. Thank you, and look forward to being part of the"
Testimony SMITH, JASON
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"Mr. Raiola, does it make sense for taxpayers to continue to provide sports teams' owners to continue to provide sports teams' owners with such a lucrative tax benefit that allows them to sharply reduce their overall tax liabilities, particularly when much of that liability may be completely unrelated to their team ownership? So today's student-athletes are navigating uncharted waters, as was testified in this new name, image, and likeness landscape. Mr. Ochoa, from your perspective as a former..."
Testimony LARSON, JOHN B.
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"country will lose on average $500 per month from their Social Security check. Now, that will not impact a student athlete immediately, but it will over the long term and have a tremendous impact on this country if Congress does not act. And this is the sole responsibility of the United States"
Testimony MR. ROBERT RAIOLA
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"So if you're making in the millions, which most people in the NBA are, you have an issue with not having enough withholding. I think education and sitting down with the student-athletes is of utmost importance, and the more you can teach them or the key family member, the better off you are. They get accredited in their resident state for the taxes paid to"
Testimony ESTES, RON
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"NIL activity reached an estimated $2.3 billion in recent years, and broader college sports market size is expected to grow to a staggering $47 billion. It's not small-scale, it's a massive micro-economy. And for many of these student-athletes, as mentioned before, the income, products, and benefits they receive through NILs mark the first time these young men and women interact with the U.S. tax code. Without clear, accessible guidelines and rules from the IRS, many of these athletes are..."
Testimony ESTES, RON
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"More discussion and clarity is needed to ensure that other NIL donations and revenue-sharing agreements with universities directly are treated similarly. Let's take this hearing opportunity to kind of look at how we can make it easier for student-athletes. Mr. Acho, a student-athlete who plays in 15 states and may end up owing taxes and filing returns in most of them, it gets a lot worse if the school is not withholding estimated tax payments. Mr. Acho, a student-athlete who plays in 15 states..."
Testimony ESTES, RON
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"Well, I've been very interested in your comments around financial literacy that several of you have mentioned, but obviously that's an important part for anybody and one of the things that I have a strong interest in for years through that. Student athletes that are making a similar amount of money or significant money are being told to set up companies or LLCs or S-corps. That's typically what a business does, but it's new territory for a 19-year-old. How are student athletes being advised and..."
Testimony MR. SAM ACHO
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"Outside of that player having an entire team around him of CPAs to be able to file taxes for him or her in all the different states that they play. Many student athletes are not adequately being advised to manage these businesses. What you see is large companies, I'll use JP Morgan Chase as an example, they have"
Testimony MILLER, CAROL D.
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"My grandfather held the world record in the 880. My father was also a student athlete, and he ran track with Jesse Owens at Ohio State, and he said, all I ever saw was his"
Testimony MILLER, CAROL D.
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"What we've become today, it's just grown and evolved. The professional teams, the student athletes, the universities, and it just becomes more and more complex. I understand why we're talking about taxes, and I'm hearing about these young people who just thought it was free money, and they didn't understand, yes, I want to put my mom in a nice house, and yes, it'd be really nice to have a"
Testimony MURPHY, GREGORY F.
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"but also they should also play along the rules with everyone else. You know, I think this begs the question, is what's fair, what's not fair, what are other people doing, not people doing? And I think that the professional world, just like the quote amateur world, I don't know that the term Mr. Achoo is professional, I mean student athlete is really much of a fair term anymore. I've seen athletes now, five teams, five years, they don't get an education, they walk out and they may have a little..."
Testimony KUSTOFF, DAVID
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"Thank you, Madam Chairwoman. Thank you to the witnesses for appearing today, and, Mr. Rocha, if I could with you, I represent part of Memphis, and it's my understanding that the University of Memphis partners with Robin Hood Money Drills to offer a for-credit for personal finance course that teaches student athletes things like budgeting, credit, and how to manage NIL income. Are you aware of any other schools or universities that are partnering with anybody to teach these skills to"
Testimony STEUBE, W. GREGORY
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"Earlier today, I introduced the Hustle Act with my colleagues on this committee, Mr. Boyle. This bill would create NIL investment accounts for student-athletes that would exclude contributions from taxable income and grow their earnings tax-free. Up to $35,000 could be rolled over into an IRA after graduation. How else can Congress incentivize student-athletes to save their NIL earnings while accounting for the unique investment and tax liability challenges that athletes"
Testimony PANETTA, JIMMY
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"at the intersection of sports with sports. So thanks, and especially when it comes to our college athletic programs with the amounts, the ridiculous amounts of money in NIL revenue flowing, just being given to students. Which I think it's important that you're here today, and I do appreciate this hearing, that we kind of have a responsibility to get the tax this hearing, that we kind of have a responsibility to get the tax rules right to modernize the tax code and ensure that it remains as best..."
Testimony HORSFORD, STEVEN
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"else around them, are the primary benefits of the economic value that they create, yes or no? So instead of talking about what the student-athletes are spending their money on, let's talk about what the college and coaches are spending their money on. Mr. Chairman, I'd also like to address one final issue that is critically important to Nevada, especially. Tourism and gaming remain at the heart of our state's economy, yet the majority recently changed this tax code in a way that penalizes..."
Testimony FITZPATRICK, BRIAN K.
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"throughout this hearing, one of the less-discussed aspects of NIL is that the tax consequences As NIL marketplace has grown in size and sophistication, student-athletes are increasingly confronting the financial and tax issues that would challenge even the most seasoned tax professional. Unlike a traditional employee receiving a W-2 paycheck, student-athletes may receive compensation through a variety of arrangements that can create tax liabilities before they even see cash in hand. Unlike a..."
Testimony MR. ROBERT RAIOLA
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"So, you're correct, vehicles are taxable, but there are other things like equipment, you know, cell phone, whatnot, other things that are not cash, but would be taxable to the student-athlete. I don't know that the changes I'm about to recommend would simplify. I think it should be for all professional sports teams, not just for the Knicks, the Rangers and the"
Testimony FITZPATRICK, BRIAN K.
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"And Mr. Madden, who determines the dollar value of something like this? Is it the athlete, the collective, the company giving it away, or someone else? Yeah, I think these valuation questions pretty much highlight the larger challenge that are facing our student-athletes. As NIL arrangements become increasingly complex, to any of our witnesses, from a compliance standpoint, are there best practices that schools, collectives, or third-party organizations could adopt to help ensure..."
Testimony YAKYM, RUDY
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"In 2024, they rolled out a program they call 4 for Forever. It's available to any student athlete who participates in NIL, and even the ones who don't. Their program rests on four"
Testimony MR. SAM ACHO
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"Carlisle, who is now a part of the NFL office, who is now leading this initiative for the college teams. And I would, force is not the best word, but I would encourage college teams to implement not just financial education, but also business education for these student-athletes about understanding branding, understanding agents, understanding contracts, understanding how they need to create value, how they can capture that value, how they can convert that value into a business asset, and how..."
Testimony MILLER, MAX L.
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"So, I mean, I love the conversation that we're having. I feel very positive on the outcome of how this is going to be handled, but I do put a little bit of pressure on universities to make sure that their student-athletes are being, you know, emotionally and mentally okay with the amount of money that's coming"
Testimony MORAN, NATHANIEL
Full Committee Hearing on The Growing Business of Sports: Reviewing Fe...
house Ways and Means Committee · Jun 30, 2026
"I want to come back to Mr. Madden and Mr. Rayola as well, because I want to talk about the IRS and its use of, or its view of the NIL collectives as sometimes tax-exempt and sometimes not. So the IRS has found that many NIL collectives should generally not qualify for tax-exempt status because the private benefits they provide to student athletes do not serve a tax-exempt status or"
Testimony CASSIDY, BILL
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"People love college sports. They go to bars just to watch a game. I bleed purple and gold for LSU, but I like to say that any team in my state, I bleed their colors on game day. And there's nothing like a great football game at LSU Death Valley. You get up early, you tailgate, you watch game day with your friends until it's time to go to the stadium, and it brings people together. There's a community. Ashley Moody just stepped out, but I can even like Ashley Moody because we connect over, you..."
Testimony CASSIDY, BILL
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"a degree, without being set up for that future success, knowing that according to Coach Tuberville, only 0.2% of these athletes will play in the pros. The highest number I've heard is 2%. Whatever it is, 98 to 99.8% of these athletes will not play in the pros. So the goal of their experience in university should be to set them up for life. The question is, is that happening? Now, clearly the student athlete should share in the revenue, but it's a false choice to say we must choose between them..."
Testimony CASSIDY, BILL
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"the lack of rules, leadership hampered by all this has created confusion and potentially opened the door to exploitation. And a common theme I hear aside from wild, wild west is the current system is unsustainable. Title IX violations may be something to consider. In fact, we should consider it to make sure that it isn't, and if Title IX is being violated, we should address it. There doesn't seem to be enough money to turn a student athlete into an employee athlete and simultaneously fund..."
Testimony CASSIDY, BILL
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"responsibility over education, labor, and pensions, also health. We should tackle it. Let's bring stability so students and institutions can navigate without unnecessary burden or cost. Let's get off the sidelines. This hearing is how do we set up the student-athlete for success, whether he or she attends a Power Five, NAIA, a mid-major, or an HBCU, and along the way, make sure we take care of the universities as well. I thank my witnesses, our witnesses, for being here. With that, I recognize..."
Testimony COLLIS TEMPLE JR.
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"the fact that people aren't able to, the majority of people aren't able to make the pros. What I do is I submit to you, ladies and gentlemen, the fact that every student athlete who goes to a university and completes an academic performance standard has an opportunity to be a pro. We just need to realize that pros are mathematicians, pros are scientists, pros are English"
Testimony COLLIS TEMPLE JR.
Hearings to examine positioning student-athletes for success in school...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Mar 26, 2026
"The tax structure will eat these young folk alive if they're not familiar at all with how that process works. That's something that's really, really important. So the simple thing to do is put some standards in place so student athletes, not online, but in person, are involved in academic performances when they're in college. So you can simply put things in place their freshman year where they have to go both semesters and be involved in academic, I mean in financial literacy course type work...."
Testimony OWENS, BURGESS
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"And in 2025 NCAA tournaments, international student athletes made up over 15% of participants. This is not limited to the highest levels of college sports. In 2022, the Alabama State's men's tennis team won the HBCU tournament scholarship with a roster completely composed of international student"
Testimony OWENS, BURGESS
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"competition, and training facilities. At the 2024 Paris Olympics, 65% of U.S. Olympic teams were current, former, or incoming NCAA student athletes. However, of the 1,000 Olympians in"
Testimony MR. TOMMY BROWN
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"Chairman and members of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to speak in support of the Team USA Act and greater opportunities for American student athletes and our future leaders of tomorrow. Like Patrick, this is way out of my comfort zone. My background is as a small college athlete and coach and athletic director. I now work with teams at all levels on teaching mental toughness and confidence. Most of us, when we think of college athletics, we think of the power four. We think of..."
Testimony OWENS, BURGESS
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"Mr. DePette, as you mentioned in your testimony, other countries and their athletic associations already put limits on international players. Why hasn't the NCAA done the same for tech opportunities for American student athletes? Okay. Thank"
Testimony SCOTT, ROBERT C. "BOBBY"
“Who Gets the Scholarship? How the Global Shift in College Sports Affe...
house Education and Workforce Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"Now, you were at the Department of Education dealing with loss of opportunity. Can you describe the loss of educational opportunity because of low quality schools defrauding their students? And how would limiting international student-athletes deal with that problem? And on the Big Ugly Bill, there were limited opportunities. I think you've commented on that. Would limiting international students fix the limited opportunities that were created in last year's Big Ugly"
Testimony CRUZ, TED
Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and l...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026
"connect families and towns and campuses and states. That is precisely why Congress cannot simply hope that the system will correct itself. Any serious solution must begin with reality. The NIL era is here, it is reality. The Protect College Sports Act embraces this new environment while establishing the rules necessary to bring order to the chaos. Student-athletes should be able to earn money from their name, image, and likeness. This bill protects that. But a system that protects athletes also..."
Testimony CANTWELL, MARIA
Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and l...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026
"legislation. It is landmark legislation because it is the first time we will be creating a federal right for student athletes in name, image, and likeness that does preempt state laws that are much weaker and basically negate many of the opportunities of athletes if you are in conflict with your university. This bill stands tall on behalf of athletes. It's landmark legislation because"
Testimony CANTWELL, MARIA
Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and l...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026
"And this is the most landmark piece of legislation protecting student athletes for the type of preparation they need to compete in college sports. I want to thank the chairman for including an improvement to that medical trust fund offered by Senator Kim to make sure that that money is enhanced in the future if somehow it's not meeting the needs of what is"
Testimony CANTWELL, MARIA
Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and l...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026
"No way out because you signed a document that basically you didn't even understand and basically took away your legal rights. This is landmark in the protections that it gives student athletes. It is also landmark in cutting down on agents activities because we've seen the worst of activities taking advantage of high school"
Testimony CANTWELL, MARIA
Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and l...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026
"But I'd also like to enter into the record a letter from Craig Robinson who is the brother of Michelle Obama, brother-in-law to the President of the United States who asks us to support this legislation because as he says, he was a coach and a student athlete himself and he supports this legislation. So I doubt the President's"
Testimony MORAN, JERRY
Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and l...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026
"Individuals who are capable and willing to compete in the United States Olympic team The consequences that occur on college campuses when it involves student athletes That experience and its"
Testimony MORAN, JERRY
Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and l...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026
"community colleges have the opportunity to to Have student athletes achieve great success in those settings So thank you for knowing the importance of this issue at working so hard and diligently to reach conclusions"
Testimony ROSEN, JACKY
Business meeting to consider S.4668, to protect the name, image, and l...
senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee · Jun 18, 2026
"your tremendous efforts have just really made this such a stronger bill. I look forward to working on what we do in the future. The modified ANS includes two of my amendments to ensure that the non power for schools like UNR and UNLV well that they have a seat at the table when the rules of the road are being decided at the NCAA and the future of college sports and so much of the debate on this topic over the past few weeks and months has been about the power for but Congress as you hear my..."
Testimony SPEAKER_02
Hearings to examine standing up for women in sports, focusing on ensur...
senate Judiciary Committee · Sep 23, 2026
"Thank you. Mr. Bach, in February 2025, the NCAA announced a new rule limiting competition in women's sports to student athletes who are, quote, assigned female at birth only. Is the current NCAA determination of biological sex"
Testimony HAWLEY, JOSH
Hearings to examine the nominations of Gerard Klomp, of Utah, to be De...
senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee · Sep 16, 2026
"Adam, in this picture, I think is about 16 years old. Adam was a terrific student. I've gotten the opportunity to know his parents. Just a terrific student, athlete, very involved socially. He started using CHAT-GPT with the permission of his"
Testimony ALLEN, RICK W.
“Examining the Policies and Priorities of the NLRB”
house Education and Workforce Committee · Jun 4, 2026
"hopes of funneling additional millions of dollars to union leaders who turn around and funnel that money to the political priorities of the Democratic Party. In the view of the previous administration's general counsel and board, graduate students, student-athletes, and independent contractors should all be classified as employees, organized into unions, and required to pay union dues. The Biden-Harris board is gone, but General Counsel Kerry, Chairman Murphy, and the rest of the board are left..."
Testimony OWENS, BURGESS
“Examining the Policies and Priorities of the NLRB”
house Education and Workforce Committee · Jun 4, 2026
"Under the Biden administration, then-NLRB General Counsel Bruzzo issued a memo stating that her belief that certain college athletes were employees under the National Labor Relations Act. The NLRB regional director later found Dartmouth basketball players should be employees. Another NLRB regional director alleged that the University of Southern California student athletes are employees, although both of these cases were ultimately withdrawn. Could you discuss the factors that should be..."
Testimony THE HONORABLE JAMES MURPHY
“Examining the Policies and Priorities of the NLRB”
house Education and Workforce Committee · Jun 4, 2026
"As you mentioned, both of those cases have washed out. I think that the National Labor Relations Board is ill-suited to resolve nationwide the issue of whether or not student athletes are employees or not employees, because we only have jurisdiction over private collegiate institutions. collegiate institutions. And the majority of the big four conferences that people refer to in the major sports, the overwhelming majority consists of public institutions. So it might be preferable, I'm not..."