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CRS Report
Supreme Court Directs State Court to Decide Whether Indian Tribe Can Invoke Sovereign Immunity in Property Dispute
Posts · Jul 16, 2018
Indian tribes possess “inherent sovereign authority,” which means, among other things, that they cannot be subject to lawsuits unless the tribe waives or Congress expressly abrogates such immunity....
CRS Report
Supreme Court Holds Alaska Native Corporations Are “Indian Tribes” Entitled to CARES Act Funds
Posts · Jul 20, 2021
On June 25, 2021, in Yellen v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Indian Reservation (Chehalis), the Supreme Court rejected a challenge to the Department of the Treasury’s (Treasury) decision to...
CRS Report
Federal Recognition of Indian Tribes: The Administrative Process
Infographics · Apr 28, 2023
/ Federal Recognition of Indian Tribes: The Administrative Process Federal recognition (sometimes called federal acknowledgment) is a term of art formalizing a relationship between the United States...
CRS Report
COVID-19 Response: Broadband Funding for Tribes, Tribal Colleges and Universities, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian Education, and the Indian Health Service
InFocus · Mar 30, 2021
Three recently enacted laws that in whole or in part address the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic provide direct and indirect broadband funding for American Indian Tribes, tribal colleges and...
CRS Report
The 574 Federally Recognized Indian Tribes in the United States
Reports · Jan 18, 2024
A federally recognized Tribe is one that is generally “eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.” Federal recognition...
CRS Report
Offshore Wind: The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s Engagement with Federally Recognized Tribes
Resources · Oct 15, 2024
The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), within the Department of the Interior (DOI), administers offshore wind leasing on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). Among its responsibilities,...
CRS Report
The CARES Act: Implications for Tribes
Resources · Apr 9, 2020
Congress’s third legislative response to the COVID-19 outbreak—the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act—became P.L. 116-136 on March 27, 2020. Much of the CARES Act’s aid and...
CRS Report
District Court Rejects DOI’s Ban on Tribes’ Re-petitioning for Federal Recognition
Posts · Feb 26, 2020
On January 10, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington held that the Department of the Interior’s (DOI) 2015 Final Rule revising 25 C.F.R. Part 83 to ban Indian groups...
CRS Report
USDA Rural Utilities Service’s Support for Tribes and Other Indigenous Entities
Reports · Apr 23, 2024
The Rural Utilities Service (RUS) in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) Rural Development (RD) mission area administers a range of programs that help offset the costs of building and...
Hearing Business meeting to consider S.105, to direct the Secretary of the Interior to complete all actions necessary for certain land to be held in...
senate Indian Affairs Committee · Mar 5, 2025 · Request transcript
Hearing Business meeting to consider S.236, to amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up...
senate Indian Affairs Committee · May 20, 2026 · Request transcript
Witness Cheryl Andrews-Maltais
Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) · 1 hearing
Witness Quintin Swanson
Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe · 3 hearings
Witness Frank White Clay
Crow Tribe · 1 hearing
Witness Beverly Cook
Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe · 1 hearing
Witness Bill Tripp
Karuk Tribe Department of Natural Resources · 1 hearing
Witness Frances Charles
Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe · 1 hearing
Witness Tim Vredenburg
Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians · 2 hearings
Witness Austin Lowes
Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians · 3 hearings
Witness Yatch Bamford
Pit River Tribe · 1 hearing
Witness Glen Gobin
Tulalip Tribes · 2 hearings
Hearing Business meeting to consider S.3383, to amend the Act of August 9, 1955, to make improvements to that Act; to be immediately followed by hearings...
senate Indian Affairs Committee · Dec 17, 2025 · Request transcript
Hearing Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 681 (Rep. Keating), To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize...
house Indian and Insular Affairs Subcommittee · Sep 9, 2025 · Request transcript
Hearing Business meeting to consider S.239, to take certain mineral interests into trust for the benefit of the Crow Tribe of Montana, S.1055, to amend...
senate Indian Affairs Committee · Aug 5, 2026 · Request transcript
Hearing Oversight hearings to examine Federal policies governing Indian water rights settlements, including S.953, to provide for the settlement of the...
senate Indian Affairs Committee · Mar 11, 2026 · Request transcript
Hearing • H.R. 573 (Rep. Yakym), “Studying NEPA’s Impact on Projects Act” • H.R. 681 (Rep. Keating), To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as...
house Natural Resources Committee · Nov 20, 2025 · Request transcript
Hearing • H.R. 726 (Rep. Downing), “Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Amendments Act of 2025” • H.R. 2317 (Rep. Amodei), “Northern Nevada Economic...
house Natural Resources Committee · Jul 15, 2026 · Request transcript
Hearing Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 6917 (Rep. Titus) To take certain land into trust for the benefit of the Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians. H.R. 8473...
house Indian and Insular Affairs Subcommittee · Jun 9, 2026 · Request transcript
Hearing Hearings to examine S.630, to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to make payments to the Quapaw Nation and certain members of the Quapaw...
senate Indian Affairs Committee · Jun 3, 2026 · Request transcript
CRS Report
The Federal Recognition of Tribes: Frequently Asked Questions
Report · Mar 30, 2026
As of 2026, the United States encompasses 575 federally recognized Tribes, or groups of Indigenous people that have a formally acknowledged government-to-government relationship with the United...
CRS Report
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act: Gaming on “Indian Lands”
InFocus · Dec 17, 2025
Overview In the 1970s, some federally recognized Tribes (hereinafter “Tribes”) established bingo gaming to raise funding for tribal government operations. At that time, there was no statutory...
CRS Report
American Indian, Alaska Native, and Tribal Population Data
Resources · Apr 2, 2024
Overview Federal agencies collect population data, including on American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities and federally recognized tribes (hereinafter tribes), to allocate funding and...
CRS Report
Tribal Lands: An Overview
Resources · Oct 14, 2021
Tribal lands can have a complicated and intermingled mix of land ownership and designation statuses. For instance, some federally recognized Indian tribes (hereinafter referred to as tribes) have...
CRS Report
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA) and the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Resources · Dec 19, 2024
Through treaties, acts of Congress, and court decisions, the federal government has recognized a federal trust responsibility—a legal and moral obligation—toward federally recognized Tribes...
Hearing Oversight Hearing on: Federal Indian Trust Asset Management: Progress Made But Improvement Needed
house Indian and Insular Affairs Subcommittee · Feb 25, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Glen Gobin, Tulalip Tribes
Hearing Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 411 (Rep. Bergman), “Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Land Claim Settlement Act of 2025” H.R. 2916 (Rep. Stefanik), To...
house Indian and Insular Affairs Subcommittee · Jun 11, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Beverly Cook, Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
Hearing Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2130 (Rep. Johnson of SD), “Tribal Trust Land Homeownership Act of 2025” H.R. 2388 (Rep. Randall), “Lower Elwha...
house Indian and Insular Affairs Subcommittee · May 21, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Frances Charles, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe
Hearing Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through Sound Tribal Stewardship...
house Federal Lands Subcommittee · May 20, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Austin Lowes, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians
Hearing Legislative hearing on: • H.R. 1045 (Rep. Kennedy of UT), “Utah Wildfire Research Institute Act of 2025” • H.R. 1655 (Rep. Bentz), “Wildfire...
house Federal Lands Subcommittee · Jun 10, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Bill Tripp, Karuk Tribe Department of Natural Resources
Hearing Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1451 (Rep. Brecheen), “Quapaw Tribal Settlement Act of 2025”; H.R. 2302 (Rep. McClintock), “Shingle Springs Band of...
house Indian and Insular Affairs Subcommittee · Apr 30, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Yatch Bamford, Pit River Tribe
Hearing Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session)
house Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Subcommittee · Mar 18, 2026 · Request transcript
Witness: Quintin Swanson, Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe
Hearing Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)
house Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Subcommittee · Mar 17, 2026 · Request transcript
Witness: Austin Lowes, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians
Hearing Examining the Trump Administration’s Work Combatting Transnational Cartels in Indian Country
house Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee · Jul 22, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Frank White Clay, Crow Tribe
Hearing American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing
house Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Subcommittee · Feb 27, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Austin Lowes, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians
Hearing Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to...
house Indian and Insular Affairs Subcommittee · Nov 19, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Tim Vredenburg, Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians
Hearing American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing
house Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Subcommittee · Feb 26, 2025 · Request transcript
Witness: Quintin Swanson, Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe
CRS Report
Conveying Unneeded Federal Real Property to Tribal Entities: Background and Issues for Congress
Resources · Aug 2, 2024
The General Services Administration (GSA) is responsible for the government-wide procurement of federal goods and services and the acquisition, management, and disposal of federal real property....